Ppg Industries, Inc.

Albert E Tamosauskas

Chester S Temple

George E Eilerman

Under thermal aging conditions of reinforced polymeric materials, some reinforcements are not as effective as others in providing longevity for the fiber reinforced polymeric materials. A method is provided for incorporating an additional amount of antioxidant into the polymeric materials before the reinforcement is added to the polymeric materials or into an aqueous treating solution for the fibrous reinforcement. The antioxidant is of low volatility and good thermal resistance, and when added to the polymer directly is used in an amount greater than three parts per hundred parts of the polymer (PHR). When the antioxidant is added to the aqueous treating solution for treating the fibrous reinforcements, the antioxidant is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.

Antioxidants and reinforced polymers and oil-in-water emulsions of

An aqueous emulsion of a solid, water insoluble or limited water soluble organic peroxide is provided that has improved stability, dilutability and safety but still having an average particle size of 1.5 microns or less and a good particle size distribution. The emulsion has from about 10 weight percent of the emulsion of a solid peroxide selected from the group of hydroperoxides .alpha., -oxy and .alpha.-peroxy hydroperoxides, dialkyl peroxides, aldehyde and ketone peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxyesters, peroxy acids, peroxydicarbonates, monoperoxycarbonates and perketals. The emulsion also has a hydrocarbon solvent having a high kauri-butanol number if the organic peroxide has a substantial amount of aromaticity and a low kauri-butanol number if the organic peroxide has little or no aromaticity and one or more nonioic emulsifiers and at least about 20 weight percent of water. The method of preparing the emulsion involves solubilizing the peroxide in the hydrocarbon solvent and adding the emulsifiers and emulsifying. The emulsion of organic peroxide can have many uses including uses in vinyl and diene polymerization, and being used in a sizing composition for glass fibers to produce treated glass fiber strands that can be used in polymer reinforcement such as the reinforcement of polyolefins, polyamides and polyester.

Peroxide emulsions and sizing composition containing same

An aqueous emulsion of an organic peroxide that is liquid at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and that is insoluble or has limited solubility in water is provided that has improved shelf-stability, shear-stability and process stability and has good dilutability and has a particle size of around 1.5 microns or less. The emulsion has from about 1 weight percent of the emulsion to about 70 weight percent of the emulsion of an organic peroxide that is a liquid at 20.degree. C. and in particular that has a half-life exceeding 60 hours at 212.degree. F. (100.degree. C.) and 20 minutes at 300.degree. F. (149.degree. C.) The emulsion also has about 0.005 to about 15 weight percent of the emulsion of a nonionic emulsifier blend. The emulsifier blend has three emulsifiers selected from polyalkylene glycol ethers, dialkylaryl polyether alcohols, and polyoxy-propylene-polyoxyethylene condensates and the like nonionic emulsifiers having a particular HLB range for each of the three emulsifiers. The remaining weight percent of the emulsion is water. The method of preparing the aqueous emulsion involves the addition of the emulsifier blend to the liquid peroxide. One of the emulsifiers is split into two portions for the addition. The aqueous organic peroxide-containing emulsion is incorporated into a sizing composition for treating glass fibers to produce treated glass fibers for use as reinforcement in polymers.

Aqueous peroxide emulsion for use with glass fibers

An aqueous emulsion of an organic peroxide that is liquid at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and that is insoluble or has limited solubility in water is provided that has improved shelf-stability, shear-stability and process stability and has good dilutability and has a particle size of around 1.5 microns or less. The emulsion has from about 10 weight percent of the emulsion to about 70 weight percent of the emulsion of an organic peroxide that is a liquid at 20.degree. C. and in particular that has a half-life exceeding 60 hours at 212.degree. F. (100.degree. C.) and 20 minutes at 300.degree. F. (149.degree. C.). The emulsion also has about 0.005 to about 15 weight percent of the emulsion of a nonionic emulsifier blend. The emulsifier blend has three emulsifiers selected from polyalkylene glycol ethers, dialkylaryl polyether alcohols, and polyoxy-propylene-polyoxyethylene condensates and the like nonionic emulsifiers having a particular HLB range for each of the three emulsifiers. The remaining weight percent of the emulsion is water. The method of preparing the aqueous emulsion involves the addition of the emulsifier blend to the liquid peroxide. One of the emulsifiers is split into two portions for the addition. The aqueous organic peroxide-containing emulsion is incorporated into a sizing composition for treating glass fibers to produce treated glass fibers for use as reinforcement in polymers.

An aqueous emulsion of an organic peroxide that is liquid at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and that is insoluble or has limited solubility in water is provided that has improved shelf-stability, shear-stability and process stability and has good dilutability and has a particle size of around 1.5 microns or less. The emulsion has from 1 weight percent of the emulsion to about 70 weight percent of the emulsion of an organic peroxide that is a liquid at 20.degree. C. and in particular that has a half-life exceeding 60 hours at 212.degree. F. (100.degree. C.) and 20 minutes at 300.degree. F. (149.degree. C.) The emulsion also has about 0.005 to about 15 weight percent of the emulsion of a nonionic emulsifier blend. The emulsifier blend has three emulsifiers selected from polyalkylene glycol ethers, dialkylaryl polyether alcohols, and polyoxy-propylene-polyoxyethylene condensates and the like nonionic emulsifiers having a particluar HLB range for each of the three emulsifiers. The remaining weight percent of the emulsion is water. The method of preparing the aqueous emulsion involves the addition of the emulsifier blend to the liquid peroxide. One of the emulsions is split into two portions for the addition. The aqueous organic peroxide-containing emulsion is incorporated into a sizing composition for treating glass fibers to produce treated glass fibers for use as reinforcement in polymers.

Oil-in-water emulsions of antioxidants having low volatility and good thermal resistance are provided for treating fibrous reinforcements such as glass fibers. The emulsions are comprised of the antioxidant in an amount of about 5 to about 60 weight percent of the emulsion along with an organic solvent that has a boiling point above the temperature of use or of preparation and is compatible with the antioxidant in an amount in a ratio of about 0.5 to about 1.5 with the antioxidant and one or more emulsifiers selected from the group consisting of anionic, and nonionic having a combined HLB (hydrophilic/lipophilic balance) in the range of about 12 to about 27. The emulsion can also contain a resin carrier such as an epoxy resin and/or a stabilizing agent such as polyalkylene polyol. An aqueous treating solution for treating fibrous reinforcement such as a sizing composition for treating glass fibers to increase the protection of fiber reinforced polymeric materials against chemical degradation due to the chemistry on the treated glass fibers or reaction and/or decomposition products of said chemistry is comprised of the oil-in-water emulsion, film-former, and coupling agent and may contain other conventional agents used in sizing composition.

Individual glass fibers are coated with a composition which includes the condensation product of a polycarboxylic acid or anhydride and a polyfunctional amine. The preferred coating composition, comprises an aqueous mixture including the aforementioned condensation product and an elastomeric styrene-butadiene-vinylpyridine terpolymer latex. An aqueous solution of the coating composition is prepared and applied to glass fibers as a sizing composition and/or as a coating composition after the glass fibers are sized. Subsequent to coating the glass fiber strands with the aforementioned coating composition, the strands are dried by heating in a microwave oven, a forced air oven or the like.

Glass fiber coating composition

Individual glass fibers are coated with a composition which includes the condensation product of a polycarboxylic acid or anhydride and a polyfunctional amine. The preferred coating composition comprises an aqueous mixture including the aforementioned condensation product and an elastomeric styrene-butadiene-vinylpyridine terpolymer latex. An aqueous solution of the coating composition is prepared and applied to glass fibers as a sizing composition and/or as a coating composition after the glass fibers are sized. Subsequent to coating the glass fiber strands with the aforementioned coating composition, the strands are dried by heating in a microwave oven, a forced air oven or the like.

Growing community of inventors

Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Albert E Tamosauskas