Applied Micro Circuits Corporation

Other

Alan Michael Sorgi

George Bendak

Daniel M Castagnozzi

Warm Shaw Yuan

Timothy Eric Giorgetta

Keith Michael Conroy

Omer Acikel

Scott A Applebaum

Gerald W Maliszewski

Andrew Mark Player

John Thomas Carr

System and methods are provided for detecting helmet contact. A first helmet (e.g., an offensive player's helmet) detects an impact, and transmits a signal indicating the detected impact. A second helmet (e.g., a defensive player's helmet) detects the impact and transmits a signal indicating a detected impact. In response to analyzing the signal transmissions of first and second helmets, a monitor determines that a helmet-to-helmet contact has occurred between the first and second helmets. To minimize the occurrence of false positive determinations, especially in the event that multiple helmets detect impacts, the helmets may be enabled to only transmit a signal if the impact exceeds a first impact threshold. Another means of minimizing false positives is for the helmets to transmit a timestamp associated with a time of impact occurrence. Further, helmets may collect and transmit information regarding the proximity of other helmets.

System and method for the detection of helmet-to-helmet contact

A system and method are provided for non-causal channel equalization in a communications system. The method comprises: establishing three thresholds; receiving a binary serial data stream; comparing the first bit estimate in the data stream to a second bit value received prior to the first bit; comparing the first bit estimate to a third bit value received subsequent to the first bit; data stream inputs below the first threshold and above the third threshold are a '0' if both the second and third bits are '1' values, and as a &#x201c;1&#x201d; if either of the second and third values is a &#x201c;1&#x201d;; data stream inputs above the second threshold and below the third threshold are a &#x201c;1&#x201d; if both the second and third bits are a &#x201c;0&#x201d; value, and as a &#x201c;0&#x201d; if either of the second and third values is a &#x201c;0&#x201d;.

Multi-threshold channel equalization

A system and method have been provided for programming synchronization features of a multidimensional digital frame structure. Such a frame structure acts as a digital wrapper and includes overhead, payload, and forward error correction (FEC) sections. Words in the overhead section are used to selectively synchronize the broadcast frame structure at a plurality of network nodes. The described invention permits the frame synchronization bytes (FSBs) to be made programmable, so that the system and method are flexible for changes in communication protocols, as well for the selective exclusion of nodes. This flexibility also impacts the number, the location, bandwidth, and the bit error rate (BER) of the located FSBs.

System and method for selectively broadcasting a multidimensional digital frame structure

Non-causal channel equalization system

A system and method are provided for coding a frame in a packet communications system using a G.709 Digital Wrapper Frame format. The method comprises: accepting digital information; outer encoding the digital information with a Reed Solomon (RS) encoding scheme; interleaving the outer encoded information; inner encoding the interleaved information using a BCH encoding scheme; and, forming a G.709 Digital Wrapper frame including payload and parity bytes. More specifically, a standard DW superframe is formed with 122,368 bits of payload and 8192 bits of parity. The outer encoding process uses an RS(1023,1007) parent code. In one aspect, 15 groups of RS(781,765) and 1 group of RS(778,762) codewords are formed per superframe. The inner encoding process uses a BCH(2047,1959) parent code. In one aspect, 64 groups of BCH(2040,1952) codewords are formed per superframe.

System and method for coding a digital wrapper frame

A system and method have been provided for translating digitally wrapped communications between networks using different protocols. This invention makes use of an integrated circuit (IC) relay with programmable features to modify the locations and functions of overhead bytes between the receive and transmit sides of the device, permitting two dissimilar networks to be bridged. That is, the IC relay converts frame formatting from one frame structure to another, so that incompatible networks can communicate.

System and method for translating overhead bytes in a multidimensional digital frame structure

Non-causal channel equalization

A system and method are provided for non-causal channel equalization in a communications system. The method comprises: establishing a first threshold (V) to distinguish a high probability '1' first bit estimate; establishing a second threshold (V) to distinguish a high probability '0' first bit estimate; establishing a third threshold (Vopt) to distinguish first bit estimates between the first and second thresholds; receiving a non-return to zero (NRZ) data stream; comparing the first bit estimate in the data stream to a second bit value received prior to the first bit; comparing the first bit estimate to a third bit value received subsequent to the first bit; in response to the comparisons, determining the value of the first bit.

Method for non-causal channel equalization

A system and method are provided for paralleling data streams in a G.709 network of connected integrated circuits. The system comprises a demultiplexer for receiving a first digital wrapper data stream having a first data rate. The demultiplexer demultiplexes the first data stream into a second plurality of digital wrapper data streams having a second data rate, less than the first data rate. A second plurality of processors each accept a corresponding one of the second plurality of data streams and supply a processed data stream at the second data rate. The demultiplexer receives frame alignment signal bytes in the overhead of every first data stream frame and synchronizes frame alignment signal bytes in each of the second plurality of data streams to the frame alignment signal bytes in the first data stream.

System and method for paralleling digital wrapper data streams

A system and method have been provided for programming synchronization features of a multidimensional digital frame structure. Such a frame structure acts as a digital wrapper and includes overhead, payload, and forward error correction (FEC) sections. Words in the overhead section are used to synchronize the frame structure. The described invention permits the quantity of the frame synchronization bytes (FSBs) to be made programmable, so that the system and method are flexible for changes in communication protocols.

System and method for programming the quantity of frame synchronization words in a multidimensional digital frame structure

A method is provided for organizing a communications frame structure with selectable synchronization words. The frame structure includes a header section for overhead bits. The number of bits, position of those bits, and the content of the bits used for synchronization of the frame structure are selected from the header section for use in transmitting information. On the receiving end of the transmission, the same number, position, and content of bits are selected to synchronize the received information stream. A communications repeater and system using the above-described selectable frame synchronization structure method is also provided.

Transposable frame synchronization structure

A system and method are provided for non-causal channel equalization in a communications system. The method comprises: receiving a non-return to zero (NRZ) data stream input; establishing thresholds to distinguish a first bit estimate; comparing the first bit estimate in the NRZ data stream to a second bit value received prior to the first bit, and a third bit received subsequent to the first bit; in response to the comparisons, determining the value of the first bit; tracking the NRZ data stream inputs in response to sequential bit value combinations; maintaining long-term averages of the tracked NRZ data stream inputs; adjusting the thresholds in response to the long-term averages; and, offsetting the threshold adjustments to account for the asymmetric noise distribution. Two methods are used to offset the threshold adjustments to account for the asymmetric noise distribution: forward error correction (FEC) decoding and tracking the ratio of bit values.

System and method for non-causal channel equalization

A system and method have been provided to increase security in scrambled communications by periodically changing the seed masks used to generate the scrambling algorithms at the transmitter and receiver. The scrambling algorithm is changed by periodically modifying the seed masks which establishes the initial state of the scrambling algorithm generators. The same seed mask key is passed through an auxiliary communication channel to the receiver to insure that matching descrambling algorithms are generated.

System and method for selectively scrambling multidimensional digital frame structure communications

A system and method have been provided for programming synchronization features of a multidimensional digital frame structure. Such a frame structure acts as a digital wrapper, and includes overhead, payload, and forward error correction (FEC) sections. Words in the overhead section are used to synchronize the frame structure. The described invention permits the location of the frame synchronization bytes (FSBs) to be made programmable, so that the system and method are flexible for changes in communication protocols. This flexibility also impacts the number, the value, bandwidth, and the allowable bit error rate (BER) of the located FSBs.

System and method for programming the location of frame synchronization words in a multidimensional digital frame structure

A system and method have been provided for programming synchronization features of a multidimensional digital frame structure. Such a frame structure acts as a digital wrapper, and includes overhead, payload, and forward error correction (FEC) sections. Words in the overhead section are used to synchronize the frame structure. The described invention permits the value of the frame synchronization bytes (FSBs) to be made programmable, so that the system and method are flexible for changes in communication protocols. This flexibility also impacts the quantity, the location, bandwidth, and the bit error rate (BER) of the FSBs.

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San Diego, CA, United States of America

Alan Michael Sorgi