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Triad National Security, LLC

Alan Lyman Graham

Dipen N Sinha

Cristian Pantea

Christine Graham

John James Greenhall

Techniques are provided for detecting wafer defects. Example techniques include exciting a wafer using an acoustic signal to cause the wafer to exhibit vibrations, measuring one or more of linear frequency response metrics or nonlinear frequency responses metrics associated with the vibrations, and identifying any defects in the wafer based at least in part on one or more of the linear frequency response metrics or nonlinear frequency responses metrics. In embodiments, the wafer includes bismuth telluride (BiTe).

Acoustics-based noninvasive wafer defect detection

Methods for controlling unsolicited messages in a messaging network using an authoritative domain name (DNS) server, in which a requester intending to send an e-mail message to a recipient queries the DNS server associated with the recipient's domain. The response sent from the DNS server is dependent upon a security policy associated with the requester, which results from interrogations to determine the probability that the requester is sending unsolicited messages or spam. A validity factor is set to a first indicator if the request passes or to a second indicator if the request fails. The response from the DNS server provides the network address if the validity factor is set to the first indicator. A suitable not-the-network-address response is sent if the validity factor is set to the second indicator. The authoritative DNS server thereby controls, blocks, or reroutes the message and lightens the load on the recipient's mail server and ISP(s).

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Los Alamos, NM, United States of America

Alan Lyman Graham