Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Akio Nishi

Toru Ishii

Kazuaki Nagaoka

Tomoya Uesugi

Takahiro Mori

Minoru Nakamura

Akio Kashiwazaki

Kenichi Iwata

Kentaro Yamawaki

Ryo Sugiyama

Hiroshi Fujiike

An electrophotographic member includes an electro-conductive substrate, and an elastic layer as a surface layer, the elastic layer constituted by a single-layer, wherein the elastic layer includes a first resin, a second resin and an anion, the first resin is a crosslinked urethane resin, and the crosslinked urethane resin is a resin having a specific cationic structure in the molecule, the second resin is at least one of a crosslinked acrylic resin having an ether bond and a crosslinked epoxy resin having an ether bond, and in a first area of the elastic layer, the first are being from an outer surface of the elastic layer to a depth of 0.1 μm, the first resin and the second resin form an interpenetrating polymer network structure.

Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

Provided is a developing device including: a toner; and a developer carrying member. The developer carrying member includes an electroconductive substrate and a surface layer on the substrate, the surface layer being a single layer and including a matrix containing a crosslinked urethane resin as a binder, wherein E1 &#x2265;200 MPa and 10 MPa&#x2264;E2 &#x2264;100 MPa, where E1 is an elastic modulus of the matrix in a first region from an outer surface of the surface layer to a depth of 0.1 and E2 is an elastic modulus of the matrix in a second region from a depth of 1.0 to 1.1 &#x3bc;m from the outer surface. The toner includes a toner particle containing a binder resin and a colorant and having a Martens hardness of 85 to 1,100 MPa when measured under a condition of a maximum load of 2.0&#xd7;10N.

Developing apparatus, electrophotography process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

A display apparatus includes a color filter with a color portion formed in at least one recess portion surrounded by partition walls on a substrate and a protective layer formed on the color portion and the partition walls. A thickness of the color portion is 20% to 80% of a thickness of the partition walls, and a thickness of a first protective layer formed on the partition walls is smaller than a thickness of a second protective layer formed on the color portion. In addition, a counter substrate faces the color filter, a liquid crystal layer exists between the color filter and the counter substrate, and a spacer is arranged on the first protective layer formed on the partition walls.

Display panel having a color filter and a protective layer of heat melted material and method of manufacturing the display panel

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Yokohama, Japan

Akio Nishi