Hitachi, Ltd.

Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd.

Hitachi Kyowa Engineering Co., Ltd.

Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd.

Akio Honji

Toshio Ogawa

Osamu Kuroda

Jinichi Imahashi

Toshiki Kahara

Takeshi Atago

Hisao Yamashita

Seizi Takeuchi

Masakatsu Fujishita

Noriko Watanabe

Hisashi Isogami

Minoru Osuga

Akira Mochizuki

Kenzo Ishii

Norihide Saho

Shigeru Azuhata

Shin Tamata

Shinpei Matsuda

Kohki Tamura

Hiroshi Miyadera

Shuichi Kanno

Kazuyoshi Irie

Toshikatsu Mori

Tsutomu Tsuyama

Hayahito Ishii

Hiroshi Sasaki

Tomoichi Kamo

Tatsuo Horiba

Masato Takeuchi

Hidehiro Iizuka

Shimpei Matsuda

Toshiaki Arato

Takahiro Tachi

Kunko Kitami

Tomoko Suzuki

Shigesaburo Komatsu

A treatment method of organic compounds included in waste water, comprising the steps of:

Treatment apparatus of organic compounds included in waste water, and a treatment system of organic compounds included in waste water

Method of treating organic compounds in wastewater

A method and an apparatus for removing dissolved organic substances from an oily water obtained as a by-product from an oilfield, characterized in that an oily water obtained as a by-product from an oilfield by separating a crude oil from a crude oil/brine mixture is brought into contact with an adsorbent to adsorptively remove organic substances dissolved in the water containing oil suspended therein and that the adsorbent is regenerated.

Method for removing organic material in oilfield produced water and a removal device therefor

Fluorine compounds such as CF, CF, CHF, SFand NF, are made in contact with a fluorine compound decomposition catalyst and a catalyst the decomposition oft least one of CO, SOFand NO in the presence of water or in the presence of water and oxygen. The catalyst the decomposition oft least one of CO, SOFand NO preferably contains at least one selected from Pd, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir and Au in the form of a metal or an oxide. According to the invention, the fluorine compound can be converted to HF, which is liable to be absorbed by water or an alkaline aqueous solution, and a substance, such as CO, SOFand NO, formed by decomposition of the fluorine compound can also be decomposed.

Method and apparatus for disposing of fluorine-containing compound by decomposition

Fluorine compounds such as CF, CF, CHF, SFand NF, are made to contact with a fluorine compound decomposition catalyst and a catalyst for the decomposition of at least one of CO, SOFand NO in the presence of water or in the presence of water and oxygen. The catalyst for the decomposition of at least one of CO, SOFand NO preferably contains at least one selected from Pd, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir and Au in the form of a metal or an oxide. According to the invention, the fluorine compound can be converted to HF, which can be absorbed by water or an alkaline aqueous solution. Furthermore, a substance such as CO, SOFand NO which is formed by decomposition of the fluorine compound can also be decomposed.

Process and apparatus for the decomposition of fluorine compounds

A system for purifying an exhaust gas for use in an automobile is disclosed which does not externally discharge unburnt hydrocarbons until a catalyst becomes active. An adsorbent is provided upstream of the catalyst. A heat exchanger is disposed between an upstream portion of the adsorbent and a portion between the adsorbent and the catalyst for controlling the elevation of the temperature of the adsorbent and for promoting the elevation of the temperature of the catalyst. The unburnt hydrocarbons are absorbed by the adsorbent 4 in the initial period of time from starting of an engine until the catalyst 8 becomes active. Temperature control is made in such a manner that the unburnt hydrocarbons which are adsorbed by the adsorbent 4 begins to be desorbed therefrom substantially simultaneously with the time when the catalyst 8 begins to function. A large quantity of unburnt hydrocarbons which are emitted from an engine immediately after the starting of the engine are prevented from being externally discharged without being treated.

System for purifying exhaust gas for use in an automobile

An apparatus for purifying an exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine, particularly, immediately after starting of the engine, includes a mechanism for reducing the time required to heat a catalyst converter to the activation temperature. The exhaust gas is passed through a preliminary catalyst close to the engine and then through a main catalyst downstream of the catalyst. The engine is operated with an air-fuel mixture which is richer than the amount indicated by the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio for a period of time from when engine is started until the main catalyst is heated to a temperature at which the catalyst can sufficiently perform its purifying capability. The preliminary catalyst is enabled to function at lower temperatures by combusting the exhaust gas which is generated during a rich air-fuel mixture condition. The main catalyst can be heated with the generated combustion heat, resulting in an enhancement in exhaust gas purifying capability.

Apparatus for controlling internal combustion engine

A system for purifying an exhaust gas for use in an automobile is disclosed which does not externally discharge unburnt hydrocarbons until a catalyst becomes active. An adsorbent is provided upstream of the catalyst. A heat exchanger is disposed between an upstream portion of the adsorbent and a portion between the adsorbent and the catalyst for controlling the elevation of the temperature of the adsorbent and for promoting the elevation of the temperature of the catalyst. The unburnt hydrocarbons are absorbed by the adsorbent in the initial period of time from starting of an engine until the catalyst becomes active. Temperature control is made in such a manner that the unburnt hydrocarbons which are adsorbed by the adsorbent begins to be desorbed therefrom substantially simultaneously with the time when the catalyst begins to function. A large quantity of unburnt hydrocarbons which are emitted from an engine immediately after the starting of the engine are prevented from being externally discharged without being treated.

An exhaust gas cleaning system has a catalyzer provided in the exhaust passage of the engine and an adsorbent provided upstream from the catalyzer. The adsorbent temporarily adsorbs unburned hydrocarbons emitted in large amounts immediately after the engine is started. The system provides an amount of air required to substantially eliminate unburned hydrocarbons, based on the temperature of the adsorbent and the oxygen concentration in exhaust gas upstream from the catalyzer. An air supplying unit is provided upstream from the adsorbent. A temperature sensor is provided for the adsorbent. An oxygen sensor is provided at the inlet of the catalyzer. A control unit calculates the amount of air (oxygen) necessary for the catalyzer to convert the unburned hydrocarbons released from the adsorbent, based on signals from the temperature sensor and the oxygen sensor and the exhaust flow rate. The control unit accordingly controls the air supplying unit.

System for controlling oxygen concentration in exhaust gas and exhaust

In a fuel cell comprising a pair of counterposed gas-diffusible electrodes, an electrolyte-retaining, porous matrix provided between and in contact with the electrodes, a fuel chamber for feeding a gaseous fuel to the anode of the pair of the electrodes and an oxidizing agent chamber for feeding a gaseous oxidizing agent to the cathode of the pair of the electrodes, the cell performance is remarkably prevented from lowering by making the electrolyte saturated absorption amount of the cathode smaller than that of the anode, thereby preventing migration of the electrolyte in the electrolyte-retaining matrix.

Fuel cell

In a fuel cell comprising an electrolyte-retaining matrix interposed between a pair of gas-diffusion electrodes, the matrix comprises particles or fibers of a substance unreactive with phosphoric acid and having electron-insulating properties and an inorganic binder.

Method of making fuel cell

In operating a fuel cell comprising an oxidizing agent chamber subject to supply of an oxidizing agent gas and a fuel chamber subjected to supply of a fuel gas, sintering of noble metal particles such as platinum black as an electrode catalyst can be prevented from sintering by connecting the fuel cell to an outside auxiliary load circuit and controlling the unit cell voltage to not more than 0.80 V at start or discontinuation to operate the fuel cell or during the operation of the fuel cell when an outside load becomes too low due to fluctuation of the outside load. The fuel cell performance can be improved thereby.

Method for operating fuel cell

A fuel cell comprising a pair of gas diffusion electrodes, an electrolyte retaining matrix disposed between said gas diffusion electrodes, and a phosphoric acid electrolyte disposed within said matrix, characterized by using as matrix that comprising one or more metal oxides having electronic insulation and insolubility in phosphoric acid and a binder is excellent in phosphoric acid retaining ability and can be used for a long period of time without degradation of the performance of fuel cell.

Growing community of inventors

Hitachinaka, Japan

Akio Honji