Ricoh Company, Ltd.

Akihiro Sugino

Takaaki Ikegami

Keisuke Shimoyama

Hidetoshi Kami

Hideo Nakamori

Eiji Kurimoto

Yoshiaki Kawasaki

Takeshi Takada

Mitsuru Takahashi

Hiromi Ogiyama

Yuuji Sawai

Katsuya Kawagoe

Tomoharu Asano

Kohki Katoh

Mitsuaki Hirose

Ryohichi Kitajima

Yasuo Suzuki

Takahiro Tamiya

Michio Kimura

Ryohta Takahashi

Nobutaka Eguchi

Toshiyuki Kabata

Yasuyuki Yamashita

Shinji Nohsho

Kazuhiro Egawa

Noboru Toriu

Shinji Nousyo

Tomoyuki Shimada

Kazukiyo Nagai

Yasushi Nakazato

Tetsuro Suzuki

Masahide Yamashita

Yohta Sakon

Jun Yamane

Hiroshi Ikuno

Masahiro Ohmori

Kohji Ue

Masanobu Gondoh

Toshihiro Ishida

Mikiko Imazeki

Shinji Nousho

Nobuya Mori

Susumu Muramatsu

Katsuo Kuribayashi

Shoichi Wakabayashi

Takaai Ikegami

Takeshi Kishinekoen Southern Hills 2-102 Takada

An image forming method includes forming an image with a toner using a photoconductor in which an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer are formed overlying an electroconductive substrate, wherein the ionization potential of the surface of the photoconductor and the ionization potential of the surface of the toner satisfy the following relations 1 and 2,|(the surface of the photoconductor)&#x2212;(the surface of the toner)|&#x2264;5.53 (eV)&#x2003;&#x2003; Relation 15.45 (eV)&#x2264;(the surface of the photoconductor)&#x2264;5.53 (eV)&#x2003;&#x2003; Relation 2where Ip (the surface of the photoconductor) represents the ionization potential of the surface of the photoconductor and Ip (the surface of the toner) represents the ionization potential of the surface of the toner.

Image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

An image forming method includes forming an image with a toner using a photoconductor in which an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer are formed overlying an electroconductive substrate,

A photoconductor is provided. The photoconductor includes a support, an undercoat layer overlying the support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a binder resin and a zinc oxide particle. The photosensitive layer includes a compound represented by the following formula (1): where each of Rand Rindependently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Photoconductor, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

Disclosed herein is a photoconductor containing an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein, in a curve obtained by the steps (I) through (V) described herein, a surface of the photosensitive layer has a WRa (LML) of from 0.02 &#x3bc;m to 0.03 &#x3bc;m, a WRa (LHL) of from 0.006 &#x3bc;m to 0.01 &#x3bc;m, and a WRa (HLH) of 0.001 &#x3bc;m or less, where the arithmetical mean roughness (WRa) are defined as Ra in JIS-B0601:2001 and WRa (HHH) to WRa (LLL) represent individual Ra's as described herein.

Photoconductor, image forming method using the same, method of manufacturing the photoconductor, and image forming apparatus

A photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a metal oxide particle and a binder resin, and satisfies the following relations (1) and (2):cut/&#x2003;&#x2003;(1)0.4&#x2266;&#x2266;0.6&#x2003;&#x2003;(2)where Smr represents an areal ratio of concave parts; Sk represents a reference area; and a Scut represents a cross-sectional area obtained by cutting a three-dimensional curved surface obtained from the reference area with an average height surface, the average height surface being a surface constituted of averaged height of all measured height data.

Photoconductor, and image forming method and image forming apparatus using the photoconductor

A photoconductor, including an electroconductive substrate; an intermediate layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a metal oxide and a binder resin, and has a WRa (LLH) less than 0.12 &#x3bc;m and WRa (LHH) of from 0.03 to 0.2 &#x3bc;m in a curve.

Photoconductor, and image forming method and image forming apparatus using the same

In a photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer; and a protective layer, the protective layer includes a crosslinked resin having a residual group of a polycarboxylic acid compound and a group having the below-mentioned formula (10), and at least one of a compound having the below-mentioned formula (2) and a compound having the below-mentioned formula (3). wherein each of R5 and R6 independently represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. wherein each of Rand Rindependently represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Zrepresents a vinylene group, a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a 2,5-thiophenediyl group. wherein each of Arand Arindependently represents an aromatic group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, Zrepresents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and each of Rand Rindependently represents a hydrogen atom, or a methyl group.

Photoreceptor, method for preparing photoreceptor, and image forming apparatus and process cartridge using the photoreceptor

An image forming apparatus, including a photoreceptor; a charger; an irradiator; an image developer; a transferer; a fixer; and a cleaning blade formed of a strip-shaped elastic blade, removing a powder from the surface of the photoreceptor passing an edge line of the blade while contacting thereto, wherein the photoreceptor includes a crosslinked resin surface layer formed of at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin, and the cleaning blade includes a contact point with the photoreceptor, including a substrate; a mixed layer formed of at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin, located at the surface of the substrate; and a surface layer formed of at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin, located on the surface of the substrate.

Image forming apparatus and process cartridge

A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer, which is located overlying the electroconductive substrate and which includes a charge generation material, a charge transport material having no radical polymerizability, a binder resin having no radical polymerizability, and a crosslinked polymer including a unit obtained from a first radically polymerizable monomer having three or more functional groups and no charge transport structure and a unit obtained from a second radically polymerizable monomer having a charge transport structure; and an outermost layer, which is located on the photosensitive layer and which includes a crosslinked polymer including a unit obtained from a third radically polymerizable monomer having three or more functional groups and no charge transport structure and a unit obtained from a fourth radically polymerizable monomer having a charge transport structure. An image forming method and apparatus, and a process cartridge using the photoreceptor.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for preparing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method and apparatus and process cartridge using the electrophotographic photoreceptor

A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate; and a protection layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protection layer includes a radical polymerizable compound having three or more radical polymerizable groups without a charge transportable group, a monofunctional radical polymerizable compound having a specific charge transportable group and a non-radical polymerizable compound having a specific charge transportable group.

Photoreceptor, process cartridge and image forming apparatus

An image carrier deterioration degree evaluating apparatus for evaluating a degree of deterioration of an image carrier of an image forming apparatus, the image carrier deterioration degree evaluating apparatus including: an image deletion detecting unit that detects image deletion by obtaining latent image information written on the image carrier; an image deletion reducing unit that performs a process of reducing image deletion when the image deletion detecting unit detects image deletion, and an image carrier deterioration degree evaluating unit that drives the image deletion detecting unit and the image deletion reducing unit alternately one or more times each, and evaluates a degree of deterioration of the image carrier by using the latent image information obtained one or more times by the image deletion detecting unit.

Image carrier deterioration degree evaluating device, image carrier failure predicting device, and image forming apparatus

To provide a latent electrostatic image bearing member including: an outermost surface layer that comprises a compound represented by the following General Formula (1) and a crosslinked resin formed by crosslinking between an isocyanate compound and a reactive charge transporting substance having at least two hydroxyl groups. where Rand Rmay be identical or different and each represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; and Rrepresents one of alkyl and aryl groups which have at least one hydroxyl group.

Latent electrostatic image bearing member, and image forming apparatus, image forming method and process cartridge using the same

An image forming apparatus including a latent image bearing member, a charging device, a latent electrostatic image formation device, a development device, a transfer device, and a lubricant supplying device, the latent image bearing member satisfying (I), (II) and (III):|(1&#x2212;1)&#x2212;(2&#x2212;2)|&#x2266;5.0&#x2003;&#x2003;(I)B1&#x2267;1 (atomic %)&#x2003;&#x2003;(II)1 (nm)&#x2266;X&#x2266;30 (nm)&#x2003;&#x2003;(III),

Image forming apparatus

There is provided a temperature control unit for an electrophotographic photoconductor substrate, containing a stretchable membrane member which is detachably disposed in a hollow space of the cylindrical substrate, wherein the membrane member is configured to sequentially stretch until reaching the deepest part of the hollow space of the cylindrical substrate as a result of an introduction of a refrigerant therein to closely contact with an entire inner wall of the cylindrical substrate, and to sequentially shrink to the original shape thereof as a result of a release of the refrigerant therefrom, so that the membrane member is detachably disposed in the hollow space, and wherein the membrane member is configured to make a heat transfer between a surface of the cylindrical substrate and the refrigerant via the membrane member closely contacted with the inner surface of the cylindrical substrate, to control a surface temperature of the cylindrical substrate.

Temperature control unit for electrophotographic photoconductor substrate

An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer, located overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an amine compound and a charge transport material, and wherein the amine compound includes an amine site having an electrostatic potential with a dimensionless unit not greater than &#x2212;0.27.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor and method of preparing the photoreceptor, and image forming apparatus, image forming method and process cartridge using the photoreceptor

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Numazu, Japan

Akihiro Sugino