Ball Corporation

Other

Alltrista Corporation

Addison B Scholes

David L Dollar

Joseph Lamirand

Duane Saltsgaver

Robert L Hurst

Bruce F Semans

A method for applying a cold end lubricating coating to glassware articles on which a hot end metal oxide coating may have been applied includes conveying the glassware articles through a heated vapor deposition chamber provided by thermally isolating a conveyer portion. Lubricating coating material, such as a fatty acid, is liquified in a heated reservoir inside a heated tank which also contains a heated vapor chamber. The reservoir and vapor chamber are separated by an internal wall of the tank. At least one flow of the liquefied coating material is directed to at least one vaporizer positioned on the tank adjacent to the reservoir and vapor chamber. The liquefied coating material is vaporized by feeding a flow of pressurized air to each vaporizer such that vaporous particles of liquefied coating material are entrained in the air. The air and entrained vaporous particles are directed to a vapor deposition chamber. The glassware articles are coated by impingement of the vaporous particles on them, and the glassware articles are then cooled such that the coating solidifies.

Method for the cold end coating of glassware using a vaporizer having an

An apparatus for forming a coating on glassware articles comprises a source of pressurized air and source of liquid coating material. The source of liquid coating material includes a reservoir and a vapor-forming chamber. An adjustable gas pressure regulator provides a regulated gas pressure in the reservoir and a regulated flow of liquid coating material out of the reservoir. A plurality of vapor-forming atomizers are positioned and configured to atomize the liquid coating material and direct the coating material vapor into the vapor chamber. The apparatus further includes a vapor booth and a conveyor operable to convey glassware articles to the vapor booth to be coated. A plurality of fans provide circulating flows of coating material vapor within the booth and along the conveyer portion.

Cold end glassware coating apparatus

In a system and method for forming a metal oxide coating on glassware, heated glassware is provided in a coating zone, preferably by a grounded conveyor. An electrostatic charging and depositing field is established to a surface of the glassware in the coating zone, and a flow of metallic vapor is generated and introduced into the electrostatic charging and depositing field. The metallic vapor is electrostatically deposited on the surface of the heated glassware, and reacts with oxygen at the surface of the heated glassware to form a metal oxide coating on the surface of the glassware. The system and method can be used in either cold end coating or hot end coating, and can provide a dual cold end coating with an initial metal oxide cold end coating and a subsequent conventional cold end coating, providing improved surface lubricity at reduced costs.

Method and apparatus for coating glassware

Electrostatic coating methods and apparatus are used to coat the exterior surface of glassware and preclude deposition on the interior surface and mouth of the glassware. A preferred stearic acid coating electrostatically applied over glassware with a hot end coating provides a more durable coating, improves scratch resistance and can reduce the amount of hot end coating for improved scratch resistance.

An atomic frequency standard cell having low helium permeability includes first and second windows sealed by fusible annular gaskets to sealing surfaces defined by a tubular cylindrical body. One of the windows defines an opening, and a fill tube is sealed the window adjacent the opening by a tube gasket. The gaskets are made of a lower softening point glass such as borosilicate glass, and the body, windows and fill tube are formed of a higher softening point glass such as aluminosilicate glass. The assembly is sealed together by heating it to a temperature that causes the gaskets to fuse and seal the adjacent components together.

Low helium permeability atomic frequency standard cell and method for

A method of increasing the abrasion resistance of glass articles is disclosed. It has been found that by providing a vitreous substrate with a micro-roughened surface and an overlayer of dry lubricious organic coating, substantially increased lubricity and abrasion resistance is obtained. When the micro-roughened surface is provided by bonding a discontinuous distribution of discrete particulate material to the surface, a substantial increase in abrasion resistance and lubricity is realized even without the overlayer of dry lubricious coating thereby making the present invention particularly adaptable to use in the hot end of a glassware manufacturing process. Further, when the particulate material is fusible at about the annealing temperature of the glassware and is applied at the hot end, the particulate material will protect the glass surface through the hot end by bearing the major part of any loads created by contact between the glassware and other objects in its transport through the hot end. Upon being annealed, the particulate material will fuse and self-heal itself of any damage caused by such contact. In the preferred embodiment, glass frit of a low-fusing temperature having a size range of between under 1 micron to about 100 microns is applied over between 5 percent and 85 percent of the surface area of glassware. The frit is then fused to the glassware and upon cooling, an overlayer of dry lubricious organic coating is applied. The frit is preferably applied electrostatically while the glass is hot through dry powder deposition or with a liquid carrier. Great uniformity in applying minute amounts of particulate material has been achieved by on-site grinding the particulate material to an air-carriable size with a fluid energy mill. The particulate material is air exhausted from the mill and directly applied thereby avoiding problems presented by agglomeration of the low micron range particles.

Article having a scratch resistant lubricated glass surface

A new article of manufacture comprising an aluminum substrate has at least one surface coated with a lubricating material. The lubricating material is preferably a dielectric hydrocarbon deposited in particulate form by the method of electrostatically charging the particles so that they mutually repel one another, maintaining a quiescent cloud of such charged particles adjacent the surface to be lubricated, and depositing and distributing the charged particles onto the surface substantially entirely by electrostatic forces. The particles preferably have an average diameter of less than ten microns and are deposited to cover from about one percent to about fifteen percent of the surface in an amount of from about four milligrams per square foot to about 24 milligrams per square foot.

Lubricated metallic substrate

The present invention was developed to provide an improved process for retaining the substantially pristine state of glass articles, particularly thin-walled, lightweight glass containers. In particular, this invention relates to a process of maintaining the strength of glass containers formed from molten glass gobs as encountered especially in conventional press-and-blow or blow-and-blow equipment of individual section glass machines, the process comprising initially forming a formed portion from each of said gobs, fully forming the remaining portions of the containers from said gobs, grasping the thus-formed containers only at the initially formed portion and transferring them to a cradle device whereby said containers are held in spaced relationship to each other and held free of contacting any solid or unsmooth surface including stoplates, bearing surfaces, conveying belts and the like, partially cooling immediately following the formation of said containers, moving said cradle device with the accompanying containers to an annealing zone whereby the containers including the bottom walls thereof are subjected to a controlled rate of cooling therein, and finally rapidly cooling said containers to ambient temperature while still being gripped only at the initially formed portions thereof.

Method and apparatus for handling glassware

Article having a scratch resistant lubricated glass surface and its

Method and apparatus are disclosed for electrostatically dispersing lubricating particles onto the surfaces of electrically conductive substrates. In the method and apparatus, discrete sheets, for example, of electrically conductive substrate are moved through a housing in which the lubricating particles are deposited. The conveying means that carry the sheets through the housing electrically isolate the sheets in space while they are exposed to deposition of the particles. To avoid the accumulation of voltage on the sheets during deposition and to avoid inhibition of deposition that may result therefrom, at least two deposition chambers are used and each deposition chamber receives a supply of lubricating particles for deposition on the sheets. Independent electrode means are provided in each deposition chamber. Voltages of opposite polarities are applied to the independent electrode means of each deposition chamber to electrically charge the particles in each deposition chamber with opposite polarities and to deposit oppositely charged particles on the sheets.

Method and apparatus for lubricating conductive substrates

A modular gas cleaner can consist of an elongated box having an inlet opening and an outlet opening. The interior of the elongated box is divided into a plurality of elongated passageways by partitioning means within the box. The internal partitions of the box define a plurality of openings so that gas introduced into the inlet opening of the box must travel the length of each passageway prior to passage out of the outlet opening. Electrodes are located within each passageway and electrically isolated from the box to permit the electrodes to be charged to high voltage. The plurality of electrodes are connected with a high voltage supply to create an electrostatic charging and depositing field within the passageways of the box. The gascleaner drain openings provided in the internal partitions which lead to a collecting tank at the low point of the elongated box. Electrical heating means is provided on the outer surface of the box and thermal insulating means surrounds the box and the heating means in order to maintain the fluidity of normally non-fluid material removed from the gas.

Modular gas cleaner and method

Lubricating material is applied to a fast moving strip within a vertical deposition chamber having smooth side walls and a roof slanted at an acute angle with respect to the side walls on each side of the chamber at its top. A plurality of sources of lubricating particles are spaced in each side of the deposition chamber intermediate its top and bottom. Each of the sources includes a horizontal chamber outside of the deposition chamber and opens into the deposition chamber. Each of the sources have a plurality of compressed air atomizers supplied from a supply of lubricating material in said horizontal chamber and are adapted to remove the larger particles of lubricating material from said spray and to urge the remaining smaller particles into the deposition chamber by the residual flow of compressed air from said atomizers. Lubricating particles flow slowly and without significant momentum into the deposition chamber. Electrostatic electrode means supported at each end by the end walls of said deposition chamber on each side of its central plane are connected with a source of high electrical potential to charge and deposit the randomly moving particles of lubricating material. Means adjacent the openings at the top and the bottom of the deposition chamber balance the pressure of the atmosphere within the deposition chamber so that the gas from within the chamber flows only through the opening at its bottom.

Lubricating apparatus

Apparatus for generating and substantially uniformly electrostatically dispersing very finely divided lubricating particles onto the surface of an electrically conductive substrate. In this apparatus, lubricant material is atomized into a spray of particles of various sizes. Larger particles are removed from the spray by gravity, airflow and other forces. The remaining cloud of extremely small particles is delivered to a housing. The housing is preferably constructed from electrically non-conductive material and is structured to maintain the cloud of small particles in a substantially quiescent suspension between electrodes spaced from the conductive substrate within the housing. An ionization discharge is maintained by a voltage differential between the electrodes and the substrate to electrically charge the small particles in the cloud for deposition substantially entirely by electrostatic forces.

Apparatus for applying lubricating materials to metallic substrates

Apparatus generates and substantially uniformly electrostatically deposits very finely divided lubricating particles onto the surface of an electrically conducting substrate. A lubricant material is sheared into droplets of various sizes. The larger particles are filtered out of a flow of particles by gravity, baffles, and other forces leaving only a cloud of extremely small particles to be deposited. Deposition occurs within a housing that includes a plurality of sections arranged longitudinally on at least one side of the substrate and includes electrode means transversely positioned in each such section. The cloud of particles is uniformly provided to each of a plurality of longitudinal sections of the substrate and permitted to drift or migrate relatively slowly between the electrodes and the substrate. The particles in the cloud are electrostatically charged by high voltage applied to the electrodes and deposited on the surface of the substrate as a uniform dispersion of spaced particles of lubricant.

The object is electrically charged to have a first polarity. A dispersion in air of powdered coating is similarly charged to have a like, first polarity and is clouded about the object. The metal object is then suddenly provided with an opposite charge to have an opposite, second polarity, whereupon particles from the cloud are uniformly attracted to and deposited on the object. The powder composition and the technique for fusing the deposited powder to provide a continuous coating may be the same as are in current commercial use.

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Muncie, IN, United States of America

Addison B Scholes