Suntech, Inc.

Sun Oil Company of Pennsylvania

Sun Ventures, Inc.

Other

United States of America, As Represented by the Secretary of the Navy

Standard Oil Company (indiana)

Sun Oil Company

Sun Oil Company, (sun Research and Development Co.)

Abraham Daniel Schneider

Harry K Myers, Jr

James E Lyons

Edward J Janoski

Richard E Ware

George Suld

Elmer J Hollstein

Edward G Scheibel

Lewis W Hall, Jr

Daniel J Schneider

James L Jezl

Walter H Seitzer

Robert E Moore

Stanley E Wood

Habet M Khelghatian

James T Bryant

John D Tice

Richard E Mitchell

David L Kerr

Archibald P Stuart

Louise D Hague

Walter L Borkowski

Tetrahydrotricyclopentadienes are isomerized to a low pour point, high energy missile fuel. Aluminum trichloride is the catalyst and an inert chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent is present. The mole ratio of AlClto the diene is in the range between from about 0.005 to about 1.0. The isomerization temperature is in the range from between about &#x2212;20&#xb0; C. to about 25&#xb0; C.

Isomerization of tetrahyd rotricyclopentadienes to missile fuel

A linear fluid impulse engine enables efficient conversion of the kinetic energy of large volume flows of fluid at low velocity into useful work. The linear fluid impulse engine uses symmetrically curved blades that are mounted to continuous power transmission belts that revolve on a pair of axles. The blades move in substantially linear paths on both the upstream and downstream sides of the inter-axle plane, which extends between the axes of the shafts. A linear cascade of stationary mid-plane guidevanes, located between the two sets of moving blade cascades, acts as a row of nozzles, accelerating the fluid so that it interacts with the downstream blade cascade with the proper velocity characteristics of an impulse device. Water entering the upstream blade cascade may be accelerated by stationary guidevanes to enable impulse operation.

System, method, and apparatus for a power producing linear fluid impulse machine

1. A process for producing a block polymer which comprises contacting, under polymerizing conditions, propylene with a catalyst comprising a dispersion of solid particles of a metal subhalide wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of the metals of Groups IVa, Va and VIa of the Periodic Table according to Mendeleeff and an activator therefor selected from the group consisting of metal alkyls, metal hydrides, metal borohydrides, aryl metal halides, and alkyl metal halides wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc, beryllium, chromium, magnesium, lithium, sodium, potassium, and lead, in an inert hydrocarbon liquid reaction medium, whereby said propylene is polymerized to form a polymeric block, then contacting a second monomeric composition selected from the group consisting of ethylene and mixtures thereof with propylene, with said catalyst system under polymerizing conditions whereby said second monomeric composition polymerizes in the presence of the previously formed polymeric block as a linear extension thereto, the polymerization of propylene being performed in the presence of sufficient hydrogen to give a melt index suitable for melt processing of the resulting block polymer and the polymerization of said second monomeric composition being performed in the substantial absence of added hydrogen, terminating the polymerization reaction and separating from the reaction mixture a solid, substantially crystalline block polymer which is predominantly insoluble in said reaction mixture at polymerization temperature and comprises molecules consisting essentially of a single homopolymer block linearly connected to a single polymer block selected from the group consisting of an interpolymer block and a homopolymer block derived from a monomer different from that of the first-mentioned homopolymer block, said block polymer consisting essentially of 99.8 to 40 weight percent of propylene and 0.2 to 60 weight percent of ethylene.

Crystalline olefin block polymers

Oxygen compounds are removed, e.g., by extraction, from a coal liquid prior to its hydrogenation. As a result, compared to hydrogenation of such a non-treated coal liquid, the rate of nitrogen removal is increased.

Process to upgrade coal liquids by extraction prior to

Tetrahydrodimethyldicyclopentadiene is catalytically isomerized to a liquid isomeric mixture having a suitable low temperature viscosity making it suitable as a missile fuel. The catalyst comprises an acidic alumina. Hydrogen is also present and in an amount sufficient to maintain the isomerization activity of the alumina. The elevated temperature is sufficient to cause isomerization.

Process for isomerization of tetrahydrodimethyldicyclopentadiene

Hydrogenolysis of a saturated endo-endo dihydronorbornadiene hexacyclic dimer involves the use of a catalytic amount of a Group VIII metal and the presence of hydrogen. The resulting pentacyclic isomers can be used as a diluent for depressing the freezing point of the saturated hexacyclic dimer which is a component of a high density missile fuel.

Hydrogenolysis of 2,5-norbornadiene saturated endo-endo hexacyclic dimer

Norbornadiene [bicyclo (2.2.1) heptadiene-2,5] is dimerized to a mixture of mainly the exo-endo stereoisomer of the hexacylic dimer of norbornadiene at both an excellent selectivity and conversion using an effective amount of a two component catalytic system of rhodium acetylacetonate and diethylaluminum chloride or ethylaluminum dichloride or aluminum ethylsesquichloride. The mixture also contains the endo-endo stereoisomer and some trimer. After hydrogenation a suitable mixture of the exo-endo and endo-endo dimers can be used as a component of high energy fuel.

Dimerization of norbornadiene to a mixture of exo-endo and endo-endo

Oxygen compounds are removed, e.g., by solvent extraction, from a shale oil prior to its hydrogenation. As a result, the amount of hydrogen consumed during subsequent hydrogenation to achieve a given level of nitrogen for the shale oil is less than that which would occur if the oxygen compounds were not removed from the shale oil. Removal of the nitrogen is necessary to avoid adverse effects on subsequent shale oil processing steps such as catalytic cracking.

Process to upgrade shale oil

Whole crude shale oil is contacted with a suitable catalyst, e.g., cobalt molybdate on alumina, and hydrogen within a temperature range of about 600.degree. F.-850.degree. F. and a pressure range of about 200 psig-5000 psig until a substantial amount of nitrogen compounds contained in the oil are converted to at least basic nitrogen compounds. Hydrogen consumption is high, about 700-3000 SCF/Bbl of fresh oil charged. The contacted oil, containing basic nitrogen compounds in the oil, formed by the hydrogen contacting, is reacted with dry HCl and resulting reaction product is removed from the oil. The reaction product can be converted into hydrogen and HCl for use in the process. As a result of the severe hydrogen contacting and the HCl treatment, a major amount of the whole crude shale oil can be converted to jet fuel.

Processing shale oil to jet fuel

The removal of color bodies from an olefinic or saturated endo-endo hexacyclic homodimer of norbornadiene or mixtures thereof is accomplished by the use of a serpentine clay. Also acid bentonite clay or a montmorillonite clay can be used to remove the color bodies from the saturated dimer. The saturated dimer has a high density and a high heat of combustion making it useful as a missile fuel. Removal of the color bodies avoids possible catalyst poisoning in the hydrogenation of the olefinic to the saturated dimer. Also removal of the color bodies from the saturated dimer eliminates the possible problem of a material precipitating out on engine turbine blades and causing maintenance or operational problems.

Decolorization of norbornadiene dimers

Isomerization of a liquid, saturated endo-endo norbornadiene hexacyclic dimer involves the use of a catalytic amount of acidic alumina or a montmorillonite. The resulting isomeric product is solid, at ambient temperature, and can be used as a missile fuel.

Isomerization of the hydrogenated norbornadiene endo-endo hexacyclic

The endo-endo olefinic hexacyclic dimer of 2,5-norbornadiene is isomerized using an acidic alumina catalyst. The isomerization temperatures ranges from between about an ambient temperature to about 300.degree. C. The isomerized product, after hydrogenation, can be used as a high density missile fuel.

Isomerization of endo-endo hexacyclic olefinic dimer of norbornadiene

Binor-S is prepared by the catalytic dimerization of norbornadiene (bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene) using a homogeneous catalyst system of cobaltic acetylacetonate and diethylaluminum chloride and triphenyl phosphine. Ethylaluminum dichloride or aluminum ethylsesquichloride can be used in lieu of the diethylaluminum chloride. The reaction rate is rapid at an ambient temperature. Binor-S can be used as a precursor for hydrocarbons having utility as a high energy fuel.

Dimerization of norbornadiene to Binor-S with a homogeneous catalyst

Norbornadiene [bicyclo(2.2.1)heptadiene-2,5] is dimerized to the exo-exo stereoisomer of the hexacyclic dimer of norbornadiene at both an excellent selectivity and conversion using an effective amount of a three component catalytic system of diethylaluminum chloride, ferric or ferrous or cobaltic or cobaltous acetylacetonate and bis(1,2-diphenylphosphino)ethane. The reaction rate is rapid. After hydrogenation the exo-exo hexacyclic dimer can be used as a component of high energy fuel for either jet or rocket propulsion.

Growing community of inventors

Grapevine, TX, United States of America

Abraham Daniel Schneider