Xerox Corporation

Abdisamed Sheik-Qasim

Melanie Lynn Davis

Kimberly D Nosella

Allan K Chen

Tie Hwee Ng

David R Kurceba

Cuong Vong

Richard P N Veregin

Chieh-Min Cheng

Shigang S Qiu

Paul Joseph Gerroir

Yulin Wang

George Liebermann

Emily Louise Moore

Michael J D'Amato

Arthur Helbrecht

Guerino G Sacripante

Valerie M Farrugia

Edward Graham Zwartz

Karen Ann Moffat

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Ke Zhou

Sandra J Gardner

Michael Steven Hawkins

Santiago Faucher

Suxia Yang

Zhen Lai

Juan A Morales-Tirado

Frank Ping-Hay Lee

Patricia Ann Burns

Christopher M Wolfe

Steven M Malachowski

Richard Philip Nelson Veregin

Rosa M Duque

Jay Lee Schneider

Rashid Mahmood

Nam S Ro

Mark R Elliott

Randy Pheav Tin

Michael Damato

Faisal Shamshad

Majid Kamel-Kasmaei

Richard Pn Veregin

A hybrid toner includes a core having at least one amorphous polyester resin and at least one crystalline polyester resin, and at least one styrene/acrylate resin, a shell comprising at least one styrene/acrylate resin, at least one wax, and optionally a pigment dispersion, the first modulated differential calorimetry scan of the hybrid toner shows at least two melting point peaks below about 80&#xb0; C., and the difference between the two melting point peaks is less than or equal to about 15&#xb0; C.

Toner compositions comprising crystalline polyester and wax

A method for preparing toner particles is disclosed. In embodiments, a suitable method includes aggregating a mixture comprising at least one resin, an optional pigment and an optional wax to form aggregated particles, freezing aggregation of particles by adjusting the pH of the aggregated particles to a freezing aggregation pH; coalescing the aggregated particles to form toner particles at a first pH that is higher than the freezing aggregation pH; and recovering the toner particles.

Toner processes

A method of forming toner particles includes aggregating a mixture of a latex, a wax, and an optional pigment to form pre-toner particles, and coalescing the pre-toner particles at a substantially constant target temperature selected within a range from about the glass transition temperature of the pre-toner particles to about 75&#xb0; C., thereby creating toner particles having a substantially constant particle size distribution during the coalescing step.

Toner process comprising reduced coalescence temperature

Disclosed is a toner which comprises particles comprising: (a) a core comprising: (1) a first resin; and (2) a first conductive colorant; and (b) a shell comprising: (1) a second resin; and (2) a second conductive colorant.

Emulsion aggregation toner compositions

The present disclosure provides processes for producing toners. In embodiments, flow aids are added to a wet cake including the toner particles, prior to drying. The addition of the flow aid improves flow characteristics of the toner, thereby enhancing overall drying time, reducing the amount of coarse particles, and improving yield, without adversely affecting fusing and charging of the toner particles.

Emulsion aggregation toners having flow aids

A method of making toner particles, including cold homogenizing at a temperature below room temperature a resin emulsion, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives with a coagulant to form a toner slurry; heating the toner slurry to form aggregated toner particles; freezing aggregation of the particles in the slurry once at a desired aggregated particle size; and further heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the aggregated particles into toner particles.

Toner particles and cold homogenization method

A method of making toner particles, including mixing at least one emulsion of at least one resin, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives to form a slurry; heating the slurry to form aggregated particles in the slurry; freezing aggregation of the particles with a buffer solution; and heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the particles into toner particles.

Method for controlling a toner preparation process

A method of making toner particles, including mixing at least one emulsion of at least one resin, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives to form a slurry; heating the slurry to form aggregated particles in the slurry; freezing aggregation of the particles by adjusting the pH; and heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the particles into toner particles.

A method of making toner particles, including: mixing, at less than about 17&#xb0; C. and without homogenizing, a resin emulsion with a coagulant, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives, to form pre-aggregated particles in a slurry; heating the slurry to form aggregated toner particles; freezing aggregation of the particles in the slurry once at a desired aggregated particle size; and further heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the aggregated particles into toner particles.

Emulsion aggregation methods

Methods include washing and de-watering toner particles using a horizontal filter press.

Methods for washing and dewatering toner

A process for the preparation of a latex polymer consistent with E/A (emulsion/aggregation/coalescence) toner manufacture. The process utilizes a standard (universal) latex composition and involves chain-transfer agent partitioning, emulsion polymerization that provides a latex polymer with a wide range of molecular properties. In particular, the process customizes a wide range M (weight average molecular weight) latex, without substantially varying the M (number average molecular weight) and hence, without substantially varying Tg (glass transition temperature) such that good toner performance is maintained. In a preferred process, a latex polymer is prepared by mixing a seed particle latex, generated by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a first portion of a monomer emulsion, with a second portion of the monomer emulsion and at least one chain-transfer agent. The mixing is done in the presence of a free-radical initiator and heated, and wherein the monomer emulsion comprises a mixture of polymerization reagents of at least one monomer, at least one chain-transfer agent, at least one surfactant, and water. This process may be applied to core-shell polymerization as well. These latex polymers are ideally suited in the manufacture of toner and developer for electrophotographic imaging and printing.

Latex processes

Polymerization processes

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Etobicoke, Canada

Abdisamed Sheik-Qasim