Apple Inc.

Abbas Jamshidi Roudbari

Ting-Kuo Chang

Warren S Rieutort-Louis

Tsung-Ting Tsai

Shyuan Yang

Shin-Hung Yeh

Shih Chang Chang

Yuchi Che

Cheng-Ho Yu

Shih-Chang Chang

Chuang Qian

Chin-Wei Lin

Chien-Ya Lee

Keitaro Yamashita

Jean-Pierre Simon Guillou

Jae Won Choi

Bhadrinarayana Lalgudi Visweswaran

Cheng-Chih Hsieh

Lun Tsai

Ricardo A Peterson

Cheng Kai Chen

Zhibing Ge

Young-Bae Park

Tiffany T Moy

Marduke Yousefpor

Yu Cheng Chen

Hirokazu Yamagata

Yi Qiao

Majid Gharghi

Yue Cui

Cheng Ho Yu

Ki Yeol Byun

Xin Zhao

John Z Zhong

Ming Xu

Hopil Bae

Shawn Robert Gettemy

Paolo Sacchetto

Myung-Kwan Ryu

Jiun-Jye Chang

Yun Yu Wang

Paul Stephen Drzaic

Wei Hsin Yao

Moon Jung Kim

Rui Liu

Shinya Ono

Sunggu Kang

Marc Joseph DeVincentis

Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi

Steven E Molesa

Christopher Edward Glazowski

Shang-Chih Lin

Yu-Cheng Chen

Takahide Ishii

Francois R Jacob

Sungki Lee

Sandeep Chalasani

Daisuke Nozu

Sebastian Knitter

Hyunwoo Nho

Chun-Yao Huang

Vasudha Gupta

Kingsuk Brahma

Chieh-Wei Chen

Qing Li

Scott P Mullins

Young Bae Park

Prashant Mandlik

Tyler Robin Kakuda

Andrew C Lin

Szu-Hsien Lee

Chia-Hsiang Chen

Injae Hwang

Zhen Zhang

Christophe Blondin

Kyung-Wook Kim

Ching-Sang Chuang

Izhar Zahoor Ahmed

Ming-Chin Hung

Qishan Yu

Hiroshi Osawa

Yue Jack Chu

Stephen S Poon

Younggu Lee

Graeme M Williams

Fan Gui

Ashray Vinayak Gogte

Jaein Choi

Doh-Hyoung Lee

Aleksandr N Polyakov

ChoongHo Lee

Paul S Drzaic

Elmar Gehlen

Mohammad Reza Esmaeili Rad

Anshi Liang

Han Liu

Yong Sun

Kasra Omid-Zohoor

Salman Karbasi

Salman Kabir

An electronic device may have a display such as an organic light-emitting diode display. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. A first passivation layer, a first planarization layer, and a second passivation layer may be formed over the cathode. The first and second passivation layers may be formed from inorganic material. A second planarization layer may be formed over the second passivation layer between the second passivation layer and a polarizer. The second planarization layer may planarize the polarizer at the edges of the active area of the display where the polarizer would otherwise have a steep taper. Planarizing the polarizer in this way mitigates undesirable secondary reflections off of the polarizer. The first and second planarization layers may be formed from organic material.

Organic light-emitting diode displays with planarization layers

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a high-transmittance region that overlaps the optical sensor. To increase the transmittance of light through the high-transmittance region of the display, emissive sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region may be shorted together. Each emissive sub-pixel may be shorted to an emissive sub-pixel of the same color. The emissive sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region of the display may have the same layout but smaller sizes relative to the full pixel density region of the display. The thin-film transistor sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region may be consolidated horizontally and/or vertically to produce larger continuous high-transmittance areas.

Devices with displays having transparent openings and shorted pixels

A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. Display artifacts caused by a light emitter that operates through a display may be referred to as emitter artifacts. To mitigate emitter artifacts, a display pixel that overlaps the light emitter may include a transistor that provides a current sink to divert leakage current away from the light-emitting diode in that pixel. A shielding layer may be interposed between the light emitter and a display pixel. The shielding layer may block light from the light emitter. The shielding layer may have an opening that exposes one transistor in the pixel to the light from the light emitter. Pixels that overlap the light emitter may have larger anodes than pixels that do not overlap the light emitter.

Display pixel with a current sink to mitigate artifacts caused by an under-display light emitter

An electronic device display may have pixels formed from crystalline semiconductor light-emitting diode dies, organic light-emitting diodes, or other pixel structures. The pixels may be formed on a display panel substrate. A display panel may extend continuously across the display or multiple display panels may be tiled in two dimensions to cover a larger display area. Interconnect substrates may have outwardly facing contacts that are electrically shorted to corresponding inwardly facing contacts such as inwardly facing metal pillars associated with the display panels. The interconnect substrates may be supported by glass layers. Integrated circuits may be embedded in the display panels and/or in the interconnect substrates. A display may have an active area with pixels that includes non-spline pixels in a non-spline display portion located above a straight edge of the display and spline pixel in a spline display portion located above a curved edge of the display.

Electronic devices with borderless displays

A display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode display pixels operating at a low refresh rate. Each display pixel may have six thin-film transistors and one capacitor. One of the six transistors may serve as the drive transistor and may be compensated using the remaining five transistors and the capacitor. One or more on-bias stress operations may be applied before threshold voltage sampling to mitigate first frame dimming. Multiple anode reset and on-bias stress operations may be inserted during vertical blanking periods to reduce flicker and maintain balance and may also be inserted between successive data refreshes to improve first frame performance. Two different emission signals controlling each pixel may be toggled together using a pulse width modulation scheme to help provide darker black levels.

Electronic devices with low refresh rate display pixels

To minimize the width of a non-light-emitting border region around an opening in the active area, data lines may be stacked in the border region. Data line portions may be formed using three metal layers in three different planes within the border region. A metal layer that forms a positive power signal distribution path in the active area may serve as a data line portion in the border region. A metal layer may be added in the border region to serve as a data line portion in the border region. Data line signals may also be provided to pixels on both sides of an opening in the active area using supplemental data line paths. A supplemental data line path may be routed through the active area of the display to electrically connect data line segments on opposing sides of an opening within the display.

Displays with data lines that accommodate openings

An electronic device includes a display and a sensor underneath the display. The display has a full pixel density region and a reduced pixel density region. Compared to pixels in the full pixel density region, pixels in the reduced pixel density region can be controlled using overdriven power supply voltages, overdriven scan control signals, different initialization and reset voltages, and can include capacitors and transistors with different physical and electrical characteristics. Gate drivers provide scan signals to pixels in the full pixel density region, whereas overdrive buffers provide overdrive scan signals to pixels in the reduced pixel density region. The pixels in the full pixel density region and the pixels in the reduced pixel density region can be controlled using different black level or gamma settings for each color channel and can be adjusted physically to match luminance, color, as well as to mitigate differences in temperature and aging impact.

Displays having reduced pixel density region with localized tuning

An electronic device may include a display and a sensor under the display. The display may include an array of subpixels for displaying an image to a user of the electronic device. At least a portion of the array of subpixels may be selectively removed in a pixel removal region to improve optical transmittance to the sensor through the display. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of pixel free regions that are devoid of thin-film transistor structures, that are devoid of power supply lines, that have continuous open areas due to rerouted row/column lines, that are partially devoid of touch circuitry, that optionally include dummy contacts, and/or have selectively patterned display layers.

Methods and configurations for improving the performance of sensors under a display

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap the optical sensor. To mitigate reflectance mismatch between the full pixel density region and the pixel removal region, the pixel removal region may include a transition region at one or more edges. In the transition region, one or more components may have a gradual density change between the full pixel density region and a central portion of the pixel removal region. Components that may have a changing density in the transition region include dummy thin-film transistor sub-pixels, dummy anodes, a cathode layer, and a touch sensor metal layer. The transition region may also include anodes that gradually change shape and/or size.

Devices with displays having transparent openings and transition regions

A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. To mitigate artifacts caused by a light emitter operating through a display, the display may have a higher density of thin-film transistor sub-pixels than emissive sub-pixels. This allows for a region in the display to include emissive sub-pixels but be free of thin-film transistor sub-pixels. The light emitter may operate through this region in the display. Additionally, to reduce the amount of space occupied in the inactive area of a display by gate driver circuitry, at least a portion of the gate driver circuitry may be positioned in the active area of the display. To accommodate the gate driver circuitry, emissive sub-pixels may be laterally shifted relative to corresponding thin-film transistor sub-pixels.

Display with a transmitter under an active area

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the optical sensor. The resolution of the display panel may be reduced in some areas due to the presence of the transparent windows. To mitigate diffraction artifacts, a first sensor (-) may sense light through a first pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a first pattern. A second sensor (-) may sense light through a second pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a second pattern that is different than the first pattern. The first and second patterns of the transparent windows may result in the first and second sensors having different diffraction artifacts. Therefore, an image from the first sensor may be corrected for diffraction artifacts based on an image from the second sensor.

Displays having transparent openings

A display may have an array of pixels such as liquid crystal display pixels. The display may include short pixel rows that span only partially across the display and full-width pixel rows that span the width of the display. The gate lines coupled to the short pixel rows may extend into the inactive area of the display. Supplemental gate line loading structures may be located in the inactive area of the display to increase loading on the gate lines that are coupled to short pixel rows. The supplemental gate line loading structures may include data lines and doped polysilicon that overlap the gate lines in the inactive area. In displays that combine display and touch functionality into a thin-film transistor layer, supplemental loading structures may be used in the inactive area to increase loading on common voltage lines that are coupled to short rows of common voltage pads.

Displays with supplemental loading structures

Electrical shield line systems are provided for openings in common electrodes near data lines of display and touch screens. Some displays, including touch screens, can include multiple common electrodes (Vcom) that can have openings between individual Vcoms. Some display screens can have an open slit between two adjacent edges of Vcom. Openings in Vcom can allow an electric field to extend from a data line through the Vcom layer. A shield can be disposed over the Vcom opening to help reduce or eliminate an electric field from affecting a pixel material, such as liquid crystal. The shield can be connected to a potential such that electric field is generated substantially between the shield and the data line to reduce or eliminate electric fields reaching the liquid crystal.

Display screen shield line system

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San Jose, CA, United States of America

Abbas Jamshidi Roudbari