Top 100 Ukrainian Scientists and their contributions to the world

Ukrainian scientists have made a significant impact in the world of science and technology. Ukrainian scientists are also credited with creating one of the first computers ever created – MESM (Small Electronic Calculating Machine).

1. Ilya Mechnikov invented the phenomenon of cellular phagocytosis and the author of the phagocytic theory of immunity, the founder of the modern concept of probiotics.
2. Nikolai Amosov developed the world’s first artificial heart, created original models of artificial blood circulation devices, invented antithrombotic prostheses and performed the first operation on the mitral valve of the heart.
3. Ivan Puliuy constructed a tube, which later became a prototype of modern X-ray machines 14 years before the German Wilhelm Röntgen; discovered the appearance of electrical conductivity in gases irradiated by X-rays. Ivan Puliuy was the first in the world who made x-ray of the human skeleton.
4. Igor Sikorsky developed the first made helicopter.
5. Sergey Korolyov, the founder of astronautics. Developed the first Soviet Space Program, the first guided missile, the first artificial Earth satellite, the first nuclear-powered satellite. The man who led the launch of the first manned space flight and the first man’s spacewalk.
6. Vladimir Vernadsky developed the first modern geochemical cycle, the founder of the doctrine of the biosphere, noosphere, and cosmos.
7. Dmitry Grigorovich, the author of almost 80 original designs of aircraft, developed aircraft applications of armor and landing gear that folded in flight.
8. Borys Paton invented various welding methods – the arc welding process, electric welding of soft fabrics (learning to combine the soft tissues of animals, and then people, with the help of bipolar coagulation).
9. Oleg Antonov developed An-225 “Mriya” is the world’s largest commercial aircraft and the heaviest aircraft. Developed the anti-icing device for aerodynamic structures of aircraft, apparatus for combating rolling movements of aircraft, designed a number of Soviet aeroplanes (such as the Antonov An-2, Antonov An-12) and numerous gliders for both civilian and military use.
10. Ivan Horbachevsky was the first to synthesize uric acid from glycine. He also noticed that aminoacids were building blocks of proteins, established ways of formation of uric acid in the body. He discovered the xanthine oxidase enzyme.
11. Oleksandr Bogomolets created an anti-reticular cytotoxic serum that accelerated wound healing and activated the human immune system (“Bogomolets Serum”).
12. Zelman Waxman discovered streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective in the treatment of tuberculosis.
13. Vladimir Havkin (Waldemar Haffkine) was the first in history who created a vaccine against plague and cholera.
14. Vladimir Varyukhin, founder of the theory of multichannel analysis, and creator of the scientific school on digital antenna arrays (DAAs).
15. Yuri Kondratyuk, one of the pioneers of rocket technology and the theory of space flights. The author of the so-called “Kondratyuk route”, along which the Apollo spacecraft traveled to the moon.
16. Yuri Voronyi made the world’s first kidney transplant in 1933. He proved in clinical conditions that “the kidneys of fresh corpses are able to revive and function when transplanted to another person,” and that “dead organs transplanted to live bodies do not give any kind of specific intoxication or anaphylaxis.”
17. Valentin Glushko invented the world’s first rocket engine, the world’s first liquid fuel rocket.
18. Olexander Smakula invented and patented interference-based optical anti-reflective coatings.
19. Victor Bernatsky invented anti hurricane device.
20. Abram A. Slutskin was a pioneer in cavity magnetron development and the application of these devices in radio-location (radar) systems.
21. Evgenii Landis invented with Georgy Adelson-Velskynthe AVL tree data structure (where “AVL” stands for Adelson-Velsky Landis).
22. Vladimir Macki, co-author of a highly efficient method of nickel extraction, revolutionized the mining industry with his inventions and techniques.
23. Emmanuil B. Chekaliuk first produced rigorous physical and mathematical evidence of petroleum thermodynamic stability at mantlean conditions. Since the 1990s the heavy hydrocarbons mixture enriched with organometallic compounds is widely known as “Chekaliuk’s petroleum”.
24. Vyacheslav Lavrynenko is the inventor of the Piezomotor, where the functional element is piezoelectric ceramics, can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy with a very high efficiency (up to more than 90%).
25. Viacheslav Petrov invented the prototype of the future CD.
26. Vsevolod Abramovich was a pioneering aviator. Built his own aircraft, the Abramovich Flyer.
27. Alexander Zarchin invented a process of sea water desalination.
28. Arkhip Lyulka invented the world’s first turbofan engine.
29. Borys Hrabovsky patented, implemented in practice, demonstrated an electronic television system, with the help of which, for the first time in the world, he carried out wireless transmission of a moving image over a distance.
30. Oleksiy Bakhmutsky created a prototype of the world’s first coal harvester.
31. Petro Bobonych invented a glucometer in the form of a wristwatch.
32. Vladimir Shukhov designed the world’s first oil storage tank, the first oil refinery, the inventor of the first cracking method, designed the original oil pump.
33. Hanon Izakson – Designer of farm machine.
34. Petro Prokopovych invented the world’s first mobile frame beehive project
35. Alexey Stakhov created the theory of the redundant number systems based on the generalised Fibonacci numbers (Fibonacci p-codes) and the generalized golden proportions (codes of the golden p-proportion). Elaborated and evolved the concept “Mathematics of Harmony”.
36. Nikolay Benardos introduced carbon arc welding, which was the first practical arc welding method.
37. George Harpak:  Developed the new elementary particle detectors, the invention of the so-called “Sharpak cameras”.
38. Lev Weintraub invented a device for transmitting vibrations to vibrators, for example, the strings of a musical instrument. Developed the device for selective control of piano mufflers.
39. Volodymyr Belitzer – For the first time in the world, he described the process of oxidative phosphorylation as a result of respiration. He studied the process of polymerization of fibrin.
40. Oleksandr Fedorov designed one of the first models of a spaceship.
41. Dmytro Ivanenko – Author of the proton – neutron model of the atomic nucleus.
42. Iustyn Tretesky – For the first time in world practice, he developed a project of an aircraft with a jet engine.
43. Volodymyr Melnikov designed a machine that turns wood waste into fuel briquettes.
44. Borys Lazarev – For the first time in the world, he measured the magnetic and electrical properties of various substances at low temperatures and pressures of up to 20,000 atmospheres.
45. Yosyp Livchak constructed an indicator of the path and speed of movement of the locomotive.
46. Volodymyr Ovsiak created theory of sequential algorithms and design of computer systems; principles of building a computer library of abstract algorithms.
47. Leonard Smirnov developed the technology of desalination of frozen in a special way sea water for drinking.
48. Joseph Timchenko – In cooperation with physicist M. Lyubimov, developed the “snail” jumping mechanism two years before the Brothers Lumiere. The principle of action was the basis for the creation of a kinescope (but his device was not patented).
49. Jan Zech and Ignatius Lukasevich created the kerosene combustion lamp.
50. Karazyn Vasyl‘s inventions include steam heating and drying machines and machines used in saltpeter extraction. Established one of the first meteorological stations in the empire.
51. Vladimir Veksler developed the invention of the microtron and the development of the synchrotron in independence to Edwin McMillan, pursuing the development of modern particle accelerators.
52. Nikolay Pilchikov discovered the photovoltaic effect, new properties of X-rays, and ways to control various mechanisms of the radio provided a basis of radio control. Designed the prototype of the modern protective suit for astronauts and discovered the phenomenon of electronic photography.
53. Leonid Fainzilberg developed a digital analyzer “Carbon” for control in digital form of the carbon content in liquid steel at the temperature of the beginning of crystallization. Developed a method of processing signals in the so-called phase space.
54. Fyodor Pirotsky developed a technology for transmitting electricity through an iron wire. In 1880, Pirocki presented a project for the use of electricity “for the movement of railway trains with current supply”.
55. Lubomyr Romankiw, co-inventor (with David Thompson) of processes for creating thin-film inductive and magnetoresistive microheads for recording information, which made hard drives and personal computers possible.
56. Georgy Voronii developed the description of the general cubic field of algebraic integers and the construction of an algorithm for calculating its basic units, which later received the name “Voronoi’s algorithm”.
57. Oleg Zbarsky created a car working on compressed air (air driven eco car).
58. Ivan Fedorchenko developed the theory of the mechanism of friction of machines and mechanisms.
59. Volodymyr Nemoshkalenko – Most known for the development and application of methods of computational physics in the solid-state spectroscopy and, in particular, for the discovery of the phenomenon of inoxidability of simple forms of matter on the surface of the celestial bodies.
60. Henryk Michalski patented a method of connecting batteries in railway signaling circuits using a relay switch.  In the early 1880s, he invented his own system telephone with a carbon microphone , which provided high quality sound transmission.
61. Volodymyr Taranenko developed a life saving capsulethat separates from an aircraft in a matter of seconds, which allows passengers to be saved.
62. Stefan Stubelevich – Inventor of electrophoresis.
63. Serhiy Volkov, the author of unique methods of high-temperature spectroscopy of melts and vapors of inorganic compounds. He discovered new types of compounds in ionic melts: heteronuclear, liquid crystal, oxygenated metal complexes.
64. Ivan Chuchmiy, the author of more than 30 varieties and hybrids of corn, wheat, barley.
65. Anton Zadontsev was one of the first to prove the value of agrotechnical methods for increasing the winter hardiness of winter crops and proposed a system of measures to prevent the death of crops from winter damage. Proposed a method of deepening the knot of tillering of winter cereals.
66. Lubomyr Romankiv, co-inventor (together with David Thompson) of the processes of creating thin-film inductive and magnetoresistive microheads for recording information, which enabled the appearance of hard drives and personal computers.
67. Oleksandr Braunstein together with M. G. Kritzman, discovered transamination reactions.
68. Anton Turchanovych – Inventor of field cuisine.
69. Grigoriy Chechet – Inventor of an airplane with an internal combustion engine.
70. Brothers Kasyanenka – Aircraft designers and inventors; the founders of Ukrainian aviation. Created six airplanes, including the highly maneuverable KPI-5 “Torpeda”.
71. Oleksandr Ivchenko – Head of development of piston, later gas turbine engines for many types of aircraft.
72. Valentyn Serdyuk – In vertebrology, dedicated to scoliosis, he discovered the mechanism of its development and developed a highly conservative method of treatment of children and teenagers.
73. Vadym Slyusar – Founder of tensor-matrix theory of digital antenna arrays (DAAs), N-OFDM , Tensor-matrix theory of digital antenna array, Theory of odd-order I/Q demodulators. He investigated electrical small antennas and new constructions of such antennas, evolved the theory of metamaterials, proposed new ideas to implementation of augmented reality, and artificial intelligence to combat vehicles as well.
74. Anatoliy Malikhin created a unique device called “BioPromin” (Bloodless Blood Test) exploring more than 100 blood parameters at once.
75. Feodosiy Fedchenko created the most accurate pendulum clock — the Fedchenko Astronomical Clock (AGF).
76. Semion Braude headed a program that created the Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification. This was the world’s largest radio telescope at decametre wavelengths.
77. Leontiy-Lyudomyr Dmochovsky, pioneer of the viral nature of cancer tumors, the founder of the school of oncological virology. A pioneer in the application of electron microscopy.
78. Anton Pasternykov, Maksym Osyka, Valery Stepanov and Anton Yasakov (QuadSquad team) invented EnableTalk gloves. These gloves can establish verbal contact between people who have disabilities and others who do not understand sign language.
79. Konstantin Buteyko, creator of the Buteyko method for the treatment of asthma and other breathing disorders.
80. Oleh Denisenko – The inventor of a new art form — hesography.
81. George Gamow discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay by quantum tunneling, invented the liquid drop model and the first mathematical model of the atomic nucleus.
82. Mykola Arendt inventor of a motorless apparatus.
83. Yaroslav Gonsky developed new methods of correction of biochemical processes. He studied the role and relationship of oxidative processes of various types, methods of their correction.
84. Oleksiy Shelest – Inventor of a diesel locomotive with a mechanical gas generator.
85. Yaroslav Stakhiv – Inventor of a 3-person see-through submarine that can withstand water pressure at a depth of 600 feet.
86. Mykola Skrypii modernized hockey goalkeeping equipment: he was the first to design a protective mask, using a military Austrian helmet; modeled a stick for a goalkeeper in the form of a hook.
87. Vladimir Baranov-Rossine applied the art of colour to military art with the technique of camouflage or the Cameleon process. He also invented a “photochromometer” that allowed the determination of the qualities of precious stones.
88. Kateryna Yushchenko developed one of the world’s first high-level languages with indirect address in programming called the Address programming language.
89. Konstantin Khrenov invented underwater welding and cutting of metals.
90. Roald Hoffmann developed the theory of the flow of chemical reactions, which significantly expands the possibilities for planning chemical experiments.
91. Vyacheslav Yevminov invented the simulator which was named the Yevminov prophylactic for the prevention and treatment of spine diseases that is now known all over the world.
92. Yury Gasenko invented a motorboat of a special design (the so-called “sea flea”). The author of memoirs, a map of the resettlement of Ukrainians.
93. Yevhen Votchal developed an original method of sampling molasses under natural conditions. He established the dependence of resin secretion on the supply of moisture to the tree. Created an original theory of production properties of sugar beet. He laid the foundations of field physiology, the theory of productivity and drought resistance.
94. Klim Churyumov, together with Svetlana Gerasimenko discovered comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
95. Dmytro Gurtyak – The author of the KeyRus program, a resident keyboard and display switcher for DOS.
96. Alexey Stakhov made contributions to the theory of Fibonacci numbers and the “Golden Section” and their applications in computer science and measurement theory and technology.
97. Volodymyr Bihunyak – Developments relate to new methods of determining the depth of burns, toxicity of blood serum, cryopreservation and lyophilization of xenoderm transplants.
98. Mykhailo Titov, one of the first in Ukraine to diagnose intestinal yersiniosis, Lyme disease, hepatitis C, ornithosis, Ku-fever.
99. Mykola Holoborodko invented a device for extrapleural stabilization of the chest in case of multiple rib fractures. He is a co-author of the method of electrosurgical resection of the liver. He developed a device for hydrovacuum treatment of contaminated wounds of soft tissues.
100. Volodymyr Gneushev scientifically substantiated the new technology of milled peat rolling, participated in the development and implementation of rolling mills of a new design, flat cutter-thresher, milling machine, peat harvesting machine.